First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil / Primeira lista de parasitoides em moscas de importância médica, veterinária e forense no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

A Rare Case of Pseudomyiasis in a Dog by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).

Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), commonly known as black soldier fly is a dipterous species which can produce enteric pseudomyiasis in humans and domestic animals. Veterinary cases of intestinal myiasis caused by H. illucens in dogs have not been reported previously. We present this rare pseudomyiasis (= accidental myiasis) produced by infestation with several larvae of the intestinal tract in a dog inhabiting a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Serie parasitosis en dermatología. Miasis: diferentes formas de presentación clínica / Parasitic series in dermatology. Myiasis: different forms of clinical presentation

La miasis es una infestación por larvas en desarrollo de una gran variedad de moscas del orden Díptera. Según el sitio de invasión, se clasifica en miasis cavitarias, que pueden deberse a invasión de cavidades naturales o de heridas, y miasis forunculoide, cuando atraviesa piel indemne. Esta infestación presenta una distribución mundial, con variaciones estacionales en relación con la latitud geográfica y el ciclo de vida de distintas especies de moscas. Presentamos una serie de tres casos de pacientes con distintas formas clínicas de manifestación de miasis. (AU)

Myiasis is the tissue infestation by a variety of Diptera order larvae flies. According to the invasion site, they are classified in myiasis of cavities, which can be because of an invasion of natural cavities or wounds, and furuncular myiasis, when they invade through intact skin. This infestation has a worldwide distribution, with seasonal variations in relation to the geographic latitude and the life cycle of different species of flies. We present three cases of patients with different clinical forms of presentation of myiasis. (AU)

Sobre una afección poco frecuente en Cuba: la miasis / With regard to a not much frequent affection in Cuba: myasis

Introducción: la miasis es la infestación de los animales domésticos, salvajes y del hombre por las larvas de las moscas (dípteras) de diferentes especies, que durante un período de su desarrollo, se alimentan de tejidos vivos o muertos o del alimento ingerido por el huésped. Es una enfermedad de distribución mundial, principalmente en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Desarrollo: los agentes etiológicos más comunes en las miasis son las larvas de moscas de los géneros: Sarcophaga, Dermatobia, Oestrus, Gastrophilus, Cochliomyia, Lucila, Chrysomya y Musca entre otras. Los dípteros productores de miasis presentan varias formas en su ciclo biológico. La miasis se clasifica según las larvas que la producen, las localizaciones y formas clínicas en el hombre, y pueden ser producidas por larvas biontófagas o necrobiontófagas. Las primeras invaden tejidos vivos o cavidades naturales y son parásitos obligados; las segundas, colonizan lesiones preexistentes y son parásitos accidentales. Está asociada a diversos factores de riesgo, fundamentalmente relacionados con la higiene. Consideraciones finales: es una enfermedad transmitida por vectores (moscas), sus manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la localización y es una enfermedad prevenible.

Introduction myasis is a infestation of domestic, wilds animals and men caused by fly larvae (Diptera) of different species, that during a development period, lives on live and death tissues or from food ingested by host. It is a world scale disease, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Development: more common etiological agents in Myasis include fly larvae of Sarcophaga, Dermatobia, Oestrus, Gastrophilus, Cochliomyia, Lucila, Chrysomya and Musca genres among others. Diptera producing Myasis include some shapes in its biological cycle. Myasis is classified by larvae produced by it, locations, and clinical presentation in men and may be produced by biontophagues or necrobiontophagues. First ones invade live tissues or the naturala cavities and are obligate parasites; the second ones, colonize preexisting injuries, and are accidental parasites. It is associated with some risk factors, mainly with hygiene. Final Considerations: it is a vector-transmitted disease (flies), its clinical manifestations depend on location and it is a preventable disease.

Histerocele total complicado con miasis a propósito de un caso / Histerocele myiasis complicated by a total of one case

Miasis es la infestación de órganos o tejidos por larvas de moscas. La infestación con larvas de mosca produce diversas manifestaciones según el sitio afectado y puede incluso, causar la muerte. No es una enfermedad común en humanos pero se observa con alguna regularidad en países neotropicales. Afecta con mayor frecuencia las áreas expuestas de la piel y se presenta raramente en ojos, nariz, senos paranasales, tracto urogenital o recto; en estos casos la infestación se asocia con traumas previos o secresiones purulentas que atraen a las moscas adultas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 65 años de edad, con prolapso total del útero (histerocele grado IV) complicado con miasis específica por Cochliomya hominivorax.

Myiasis: maggot infestation.

Myiasis is a condition in which fly maggots feed off, and develop in, the tissues of living organisms. True myiasis results from files deliberately laying eggs in or on the tissues. There are two forms of myiasis: obligate, in which it is necessary for the maggots to feed on living tissues, and facultative, where files opportunistically take advantage of wounds or degenerative necrotic conditions as a site in which to incubate their larvae. In general obligate myiasis of humans is tropical in origin, whereas facultative myiasis can occur anywhere in the world.

Myiasis.

Myiasis is not an uncommon parasitic infestation in the tropics and subtropics, and with the increase in international travel, cases also are encountered outside the endemic regions in both Europe and North America. This article reviews the ecology, classification, pathophysiology, pathology, and treatment of myiasis.

Classification of the main macroscopic lesions produced by larvae of Gasterophilus spp. (Diptera:Gasterophilidae) in free-ranging horses in Umbria.

Listed and described herein are the main macroscopic lesions produced along the whole digestive tract of free-ranging horses by larvae of the five Gasterophilus spp., occurring in Umbria, a region of central Italy: Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus nasalis, Gasterophilus pecorum, Gasterophilus inermis, Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis. Lesions are classified on the basis of their sizes and shapes and the host's anatomic sites infested, and they are examined in relation to the developmental stages of larvae causing them. The examination of the lesions shows that it is very difficult to differentiate the hemorrhagic impressions caused by migrating 1st and 2nd instar larvae of all the species in the absence of the specific parasite. It is also difficult to differentiate between the gastric lesions caused by Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus pecorum. It has been found that an easy identification is possible even in the absence of parasites for gum lesions and for lesions on the soft palate produced respectively by Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus pecorum, for duodenal lesions caused by Gasterophilus nasalis, for rectal lesions caused by Gasterophilus inermis and for duodenal and rectal lesions produced by Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis.